Theory & Practices of Clinical Laboratory
clinicalsci
The activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT or aPTT) is a coagulation test used to evaluate low-dose heparin therapy and test for the function of hemostasis’ intrinsic and normal pathway. The reagent used to perform the APTT is partial thromboplastin, which is the lipid portion of thromboplastin in the tissue. The …
The urinary stones history is as ancient as the civilization itself. Urinary stones are an ancient health problem that have plagued human beings since the dawn of humanity. In 1901, in El Amrah, Egypt, the English archeologist E. Smith discovered a bladder stone from a mummy who was 4,500 to …
The MIQE (minimum information for the publication of quantitative real-time PCR) guidelines reflect a significant milestone for the transition of a robust “gold standard” in the process of turning the accurate quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) from a testing technique into real-time quantitative polymerase reaction (QPCR). It has allowed legacy …
The control of potentially dangerous biological agents is an imperative goal of every biosafety system. In the sense in which infectious products are treated or preserved in the lab setting, the word “containment” is used to describe protection procedures, structures and facilities. Containment is designed to minimize or avoid access …
Prenatal diagnosis and screening are intended to inform pregnant women and their partners about their fetus’s risk of birth defects or genetic disorders, as well as provide them with advice on how to deal with the uncertainty. Many families that are known to be at high risk of having a …
Introduction Clinically potent antibacterial drugs are distinguished from antiseptics by their selective toxicity toward the microorganism rather than the host. Selectivity is defined by targeting microbial metabolism or cellular structures that differ from those of mammalian cells. For example, some drugs inhibit the synthesis of bacterial cell walls (which are …
Introduction The germ tube test for yeast identification is perhaps the most fundamental and simplest to perform. The germ tube test is one of the quickest methods for presumptive identification of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis. The yeasts isolated from clinical specimens are around 75% C. albicans, and germ tube …
Basics of PCR During a number of amplification cycles, real-time PCR collects fluorescent signals from reactions in the polymerase chain. Quantitative real-time PCR involves converting the fluorescent signals from reactions into a numerical value for each sample. PCR is normally based on a quantitative relationship between the quantities of target …
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a community of Nidovirales viruses that includes the Coronaviridae, Arteriviridae, Mesoniviridae, and Roniviridae families. CoVs are members of the Coronavirinae subfamily of the Coronaviridae family of the order Nidovirales, which consists of four genera: Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus, Gammacoronavirus, and Deltacoronavirus. Viruses belonging to the Nidovirales order and are …
Primary immune thrombocytopenia, commonly known as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP), is an inflammatory bleeding disorder that affects both adults and infants. It was previously thought to be an autoantibody condition in which the reticuloendothelial system prematurely destroyed platelets that had been opsonized with antiplatelet antibody. Recent studies have revealed that there …