Info on clinical laboratory theory and practices
Viruses are well known for stimulating innate immune responses. Certain viruses, in particular, induce the production of interferons, which can inhibit viral replication by causing an antiviral reaction. NK cells are also in charge of virus control. NK cells are … Read more
As a result of interfering factors, test results might be affected. When it comes to interference factors, it relies on the method adopted to analyze the same analyte. Hemolysis, lipemia, icterus, drugs, paraproteins, and other sample contaminants, such as gels, … Read more
Micheli (1729) identified the genus Aspergillus, naming it after the perforated globe used to shower holy water during Catholic religious’ rites (aspergus te). Aspergillosis is an opportunistic invasive mycosis caused by hyaline molds of the genus Aspergillus (A.fumigatus, A.flavus, A.terreus, … Read more
INTRODUCTION Hargraves et al., identified the LE cell phenomena in bone marrow in 1948. Lupus erythromatosus is an autoimmune disease in which autoantibodies attack cell nuclei components. In lupus erythromatosus, antibodies such as LE factor, antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti double … Read more
Mycoplasmas differ from other bacteria because of their small size and absence of a cell wall. In taxonomy, mycoplasmas are distinguished from other bacteria in the Mollicutes class by the absence of cell walls (mollis, soft; cutis, skin, in Latin). … Read more
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is the most prevalent inflammatory joint disease, affecting roughly 1% of the global adult population. It is characterized by persistent synovial inflammation, which frequently leads to progressive joint degeneration, disability, and a loss in quality of life. … Read more
Calcium regulates a variety of physiologic functions, including neuromuscular communication, heart contractility, hormone production, and blood coagulation, and is essential for optimal cellular function and signaling. As a result of a number of feedback processes involving parathyroid hormone (PTH) and … Read more
Introduction Donne (1836) was the first to report Trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal secretion. Trichomonas vaginalis is a parasite that can infect both males and females’ urogenital systems. T. vaginalis is a pathogenic parasite that causes vaginitis, urethritis, and prostatitis. Infection … Read more
PSA is a protein released by the prostate gland. PSA is a kallikrein-family serine protease that has been commonly used to screen men for prostate cancer. It’s also used to monitor recurrence and therapy response after initial treatment. PSA is … Read more
Introduction A spectrophotometer is an analytical instrument that measures analytes in a solution in both qualitative and quantitative ways. It is the most flexible, reliable, and commonly used instrument in clinical chemistry for clinical diagnosis of blood, urine, or tissues. … Read more