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VDRL and RPR Test: Procedures, Interpretation, Clinical Significance

VDRL and RPR antibody titers used to monitor syphilis treatment response

Introduction Syphilis remains a globally relevant sexually transmitted infection (STI), despite modern prevention and treatment strategies. Early detection and timely treatment are essential to prevent long-term complications such as neurosyphilis, cardiovascular syphilis, or congenital transmission. The VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) and RPR (Rapid Plasma Reagin) tests are cornerstone tools …

Gonorrhea: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

by clinicalsci

Introduction Gonorrhea is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide, caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The name “gonorrhea” originates from the Greek words meaning “flow of seed,” reflecting the misconception in ancient times that its symptoms were due to semen discharge. Historically, gonorrhea and syphilis were …