Theory & Practices of Clinical Laboratory
clinicalsci 
Different methods for preparing the cytology smears are available. Nevertheless, these methods work best with different types of specimens. Understanding each procedure can help to determine the right approach for particular cases, eliminating procedures that may yield suboptimal findings and hinder diagnosis. Easy manual techniques with a minimum of supplies …
Anton Von Leeuwenhoek (1681) discovered Giardia Lamblia originally named Cercomonas intestinalis, later also known as Giardia intestinalis or Giardia duodenale in his stools, making it one of the earliest known protozoan parasites. It is called Giardia after Paris Professor Giard and Lamblia after Prague Professor Lambl, who provided a detailed description of the parasite. It is …
C-Peptide (Connecting peptide) is the binding peptide cleaved in proinsulin insulin processing. Responsive immunoassays in blood and urine can easily detect it. Serum C-peptide is a particularly useful marker of endogenous insulin secretion (a synthetic insulin that does not contain C-peptide). A patient is being diagnosed with exogenous (injected) insulin …
Till the late 1950s, blood cells were routinely counted manually. In 1956, W. H. Coulter patented a system which used the electrical impedance process, also known as aperture impedance, to count blood cells. This innovation made the blood cell counts production quicker, smoother, and more accessible. The first instruments of …
Venipuncture is a convenient way to provide a large blood sample that can be used for many various studies. A venipuncture, also called a phlebotomy, is punctured by a hypodermic needle in the superficial vein and blood is drawn into the vacuum tube or syringe. Performing a venipuncture involves several …
Test Description Cardiolipin antibodies are the most common kind of antiphospholipid antibody. These antibodies are essential in the mechanism of blood coagulation. When a patient develops autoantibodies (antibodies to anticardiolipin, or ACA) against cardiolipins, he or she is at a higher risk of chronic thrombosis. There are three groups of …
The activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT or aPTT) is a coagulation test used to evaluate low-dose heparin therapy and test for the function of hemostasis’ intrinsic and normal pathway. The reagent used to perform the APTT is partial thromboplastin, which is the lipid portion of thromboplastin in the tissue. The …
The urinary stones history is as ancient as the civilization itself. Urinary stones are an ancient health problem that have plagued human beings since the dawn of humanity. In 1901, in El Amrah, Egypt, the English archeologist E. Smith discovered a bladder stone from a mummy who was 4,500 to …
The MIQE (minimum information for the publication of quantitative real-time PCR) guidelines reflect a significant milestone for the transition of a robust “gold standard” in the process of turning the accurate quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) from a testing technique into real-time quantitative polymerase reaction (QPCR). It has allowed legacy …
The control of potentially dangerous biological agents is an imperative goal of every biosafety system. In the sense in which infectious products are treated or preserved in the lab setting, the word “containment” is used to describe protection procedures, structures and facilities. Containment is designed to minimize or avoid access …