Theory & Practices of Clinical Laboratory
clinicalsci 
Prenatal diagnosis and screening are intended to inform pregnant women and their partners about their fetus’s risk of birth defects or genetic disorders, as well as provide them with advice on how to deal with the uncertainty. Many families that are known to be at high risk of having a …
Introduction Clinically potent antibacterial drugs are distinguished from antiseptics by their selective toxicity toward the microorganism rather than the host. Selectivity is defined by targeting microbial metabolism or cellular structures that differ from those of mammalian cells. For example, some drugs inhibit the synthesis of bacterial cell walls (which are …
Introduction The germ tube test for yeast identification is perhaps the most fundamental and simplest to perform. The germ tube test is one of the quickest methods for presumptive identification of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis. The yeasts isolated from clinical specimens are around 75% C. albicans, and germ tube …
Basics of PCR During a number of amplification cycles, real-time PCR collects fluorescent signals from reactions in the polymerase chain. Quantitative real-time PCR involves converting the fluorescent signals from reactions into a numerical value for each sample. PCR is normally based on a quantitative relationship between the quantities of target …
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a community of Nidovirales viruses that includes the Coronaviridae, Arteriviridae, Mesoniviridae, and Roniviridae families. CoVs are members of the Coronavirinae subfamily of the Coronaviridae family of the order Nidovirales, which consists of four genera: Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus, Gammacoronavirus, and Deltacoronavirus. Viruses belonging to the Nidovirales order and are …
Primary immune thrombocytopenia, commonly known as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP), is an inflammatory bleeding disorder that affects both adults and infants. It was previously thought to be an autoantibody condition in which the reticuloendothelial system prematurely destroyed platelets that had been opsonized with antiplatelet antibody. Recent studies have revealed that there …
The development of methods of DNA sequencing has contributed to the study of organisms’ genomic sequences. Maxam and Gilbert found the binding site for lactose-repressors by copying and sequencing 24 bases. Sanger and Maxam-Gilbert procedures were more widespread previously and are still used to determine the order of the nucleotide …
Fungal infections, also known as mycoses or mycosis, encompass a diverse range of conditions caused by various fungal species. Despite the abundance of fungi, only a select few pose a threat to human health. Mycoses manifest in five distinct forms: Superficial, Cutaneous, Subcutaneous, Systemic, and Opportunistic. Understanding these classifications is …
Liver Function Tests (LFTs) are blood tests that provide critical insights into your liver’s health. These tests measure specific enzymes, proteins, and substances that indicate liver functionality and help detect liver diseases or damage early. In this article, we’ll explore the liver’s role in your body, the importance of LFTs, and …
Introduction Semen analysis plays a crucial role in assessing male fertility health. It involves the examination of semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, and morphology. Understanding the composition and characteristics of semen can provide valuable insights into reproductive health. Composition of semen Semen is composed of various components: Appearance The visual …